ASEAN Ports efficiency and competitiveness evaluation: Data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach

Abstract

Considering the important roles of ASEAN manufacturing hubs in the global supply chain, we find that container seaports are the bottlenecks for the supply chain pipeline. In this study, we apply the Data Envelopment Approach to evaluate the efficiency and competitiveness among 22 ASEAN container ports. Five input criteria (total port area, terminal length, shore cranes, number of berths, and total asset) and three output components (throughput, vessel calls and return on asset) are used for computation. Data was gathered in 2020, and by using DEA, we will be able to identify the best-performing ports in the region and determine the factors that contribute to their efficiency. The results show that four studied ASEAN ports are performing better than most Vietnam's ports, except for Tan Cang Cat Lai, Dinh Vu, and Ben Nghe. Specifically, the efficiency of Vietnam's ports was primarily hindered by underutilized resources and lower productivity levels. In addition, the study identified several factors that affect the competitiveness of Vietnam's ports, including inadequate infrastructure, lack of modernization, and insufficient investment in technology. Results will support the port policy implications for the future infrastructure investment and expansion plans.